Reflections & analysis about innovation, technology, startups, investing, healthcare, and more .... with a focus on Minnesota, Land of 10,000 Lakes. Blogging continuously since 2005.

Category: Future of Work

My 2024 Predictions Post

I have this tendency to publish a post each January about what I see coming in the New Year. I’m a little late this year (being it’s already January 20th), but that’s because the general mood has been leaning negative of late — not exactly motivating for an optimist like me.

I refused to use an AI-generated image this time. I instead chose this awesome photo by Nicole Avagliano via Unsplash.

 

Then again, my post in January 2023 wasn’t real upbeat, either. But that was more of a tongue-in-cheek exercise. The previous year, my post in January 2022 wasn’t a list of predictions, but rather focused on one big positive trend I couldn’t ignore: the startup boom. (Remember those good old days?) Going back to January 2021, I went full-on optimist, though had some fun with it, as we were coming out of that God-awful pandemic year and needed some levity.

Anyway, for this post, I finally got around to fleshing out the notes I’d been making over the past couple of weeks. I tend to not blurt things out — I like to think a bit first. (Call me crazy compared to  most bloggers… haha.) This year, I went beyond tech to some other topics I just find hard to ignore these days. So here goes:

AI … The hype curve has peaked. Enjoy the ride down into the trough of disillusionment. I won’t say anything more because… are there any more words to say at all that haven’t already been said about AI in 2023? A breather is needed for sure, because the hype has been getting out of control as we sit here in early 2024. (Note: I am not anti AI, I am anti *AI hype* and anti *AI washing*, which so many startups are doing in an attempt to raise money.) A funny recent quote I saw is from Philip Elmer-Dewitt, who runs the very popular Apple 3.0 news blog: “I’ve been following the A.I. beat since Ronald Reagan’s first term, and in my experience its champions have consistently over-promised and under-delivered. Large language models and generative A.I. are real things, but so are self-driving cars and they’re still running over pedestrians.”

Startups … According to AngelList, the startup formation number was well down in 2023 —  40 percent since 2021! That’s horrible. I predict the number will pick up somewhat in 2024. However, a meaningful reversal won’t come until 2025 with a new administration.

VC … In 2024, I will not be surprised if more VC funds shut down. (A big one did last month.) And check-writing from those that have been largely sitting on their hands in 2023 may not increase much. The numbers are sobering. Pitchbook reported in December that 38% of VCs “disappeared from dealmaking in 2023.” Pitchbook also reported that VC investors injected only $170 billion into startups in 2023, a decrease of nearly 30% from the $242 billion recorded in 2022. In 2021, the number was $348 billion. Not a pleasant trend.

Apple … My price target for $AAPL shares is $220 by yearend — on the strength of the iPhone 16 in the fall (call it “the AI phone”), advancements with the next Watch, and, yes, the initial success of “spatial computing.” No Apple Car anytime soon, friends. Which is fine with me.

Sports / National … Will gambling on NFL games get out of control? One senses that a crackdown must be coming. Right on cue, Minnesota legislators are trying to have sports betting legalized in our state. I for one am getting really sick of all the gambling hype!! On another topic, with TV commercial time absolutely ballooning to fund NFL largesse, I predict sales of low-cost DVRs, like the $79 Tablo unit (to record live TV and certain streaming channels), will boom — letting consumers without high-cost cable services (like that rascally DirecTV) inexpensively record and watch just the actual game, skipping through the mind-numbing amount of commercials they now blast at us. And no subscription is required.

Sports / Local … The Vikings will do better. Which isn’t saying much. And Gopher football damn-well better improve as well! 2023 was embarrassing. One highlight in 2024: we’re finally going to the Rose Bowl! Okay, it’s only a regular season matchup October 12th against UCLA (in their home stadium), as they become part of the Big Ten (Big 18!) this year. And another glaring college football topic: I fear, as many do, that NIL is ruining the sport (sigh). It’s the main reason Nick Saban resigned as coach at Alabama, Hey, we don’t need more “professional” sports!

Higher Ed … College enrollments will continue to drop nearly everywhere, but prices will of course not fall nearly as fast… if at all? That tells you all you need to know. How bad is higher education? Americans’ confidence in these institutions has dropped from 57% in 2015 to 36% in 2023, according to a July 2023 poll by Gallup. Here’s more, from Barron’s: “College tuition rose 12% on average annually from 2010 to 2022, according to data compiled by the National Center for Education Statistics and the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. After adjusting for inflation, college tuition has increased 747% since 1963.” This prediction I don’t make joyously, as two startups in my portfolio are in this space. (Luckily a small percentage.)

Minnesota State Government … Complete DFL control will end — it has to! Hope you enjoyed watching that $18 billion surplus — your money — go poof! That measly $520 rebate check to taxpayers (per couple) was an insult. But you fellow Minnesotans already knew that. More people are leaving the state than the number moving in. It’s not just the weather.

Minneapolis … The city will never be the same, I am convinced. And St. Paul, which is suffering almost as badly (worse with tax increases), shares the same fate. The population of both cities will continue to drop.

Anywhere But the City … Within the state, the escape from the central Twin Cities to the metro area suburbs and rural MN will continue, as will the rise in values for lakefront property, hobby farms, and farmland. I included some great insights into the trend toward remote work outside the cities, from a national viewpoint, in a post I published in January 2021.

And one more prediction for good measure:

The Media Business …. Let me go out on a limb 🙂 — the media industry will continue to contract in 2024. Many more jobs will be lost. Take a guess how many — then double it. One glaring reason: according to an October 2023 Gallup poll, a record-high number of Americans — 39% — say they don’t trust the media at all. That number has steadily increased since 2018.

So, on we go. (Yes, to a brighter 2025.)

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Postscript:

And in my continuing quest to counter the AI hype, I give you this:

A Technologist Spent Years Building an AI Chatbot Tutor. He Decided It Can’t Be Done.

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And Another Postscript:

I saw a  Wall Street Journal Saturday Essay recently (subscription required) entitled “Why Americans Have Lost Faith in the Value of College.” In it, they noted that the decline in undergraduate enrollment since 2011 has translated into 3 million fewer students on campus. Nearly half of parents say they would prefer not to send their children to a four-year college after high school.

Billionaires who slam higher ed also don’t do it any favors. Here’s Elon Musk on the topic in 2020:

“College is basically for fun and to prove that you can do your chores, but not for learning. I don’t consider going to college evidence of exceptional ability. In fact, ideally, you drop out. You don’t need college to learn stuff. Did Shakespeare go to college? Probably not.”

As a former English major, I can attest… 🙂

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And Yet ANOTHER Postscript:

Re: my VC prediction, here’s additional insight into the state of the industry:

VC Funding in 2024: High-Profile Departures, Layoffs and a Glut of Investors Struggling to Generate Returns | Inc.com

Okay, that’s enough postscripts for one post. I publish insights like these to my X account as well, so please follow me there, where I post daily. Over and out!

#EnterpriseAI: General Mills Is ‘Transforming With the Power of Cloud and AI’

I attended an event yesterday at the headquarters of General Mills to hear how the company has partnered with Google Cloud over the past few years to transform itself in the age of cloud and AI. No doubt, hearing how any Fortune 500 could pull off something like this would be quite a story, I figured, let alone a company that’s been around for 155 years(!). Yes, we’ve been known to build ‘em to last here in Minnesota.

I pulled into Betty Crocker Drive in Golden Valley MN about 8:15 am and drove into the sprawling, grassy campus, with several gleaming buildings. I hear it’s not all that busy these days, however, what with remote work. But it may be the most impressive facility of any of our giant local companies for holding a big event like this. The crowd looked like it numbered 300 or more. Being that I’m a big fan of in-person events (but somewhat skeptical of AI hype), I had to check it out. Plus I felt an obligation to be there in light of my role as a board member of MinneAnalytics. (We love data and AI!)

So, what I thought I’d do is share my notes with you, along with some photos, plus stand-out quotes from the executive panel that followed the morning speakers.

Notes from the Opening Keynote by Rich Rubenstein, VP-Data & Analytics

Rich Rubenstein

Rich Rubenstein

– All General Mills data is now on the Google Cloud Platform today.
– The company uses Vertex AI.
– “This is not a science-fair project. We use AI every single day.”
– The focus is on innovation — “in products, in go-to-market, and in how we connect with consumers.”
– On the topic of AI hype: “There’s a tremendous amount of light and heat in this space. But we know we have a solid foundation. We’ve invested in someone [Google] that we know can take us a long way.”

 

Some Remarks from Jenny Hon, Senior Director, Strategy & Enterprise Architecture

– The cloud transformation journey is based on the company’s purpose: “To be the undisputed leader in food.”
– “All signs indicate that our ‘Accelerate Strategy’ is working.” accelerate strategy
– How we win is by doing four things: “Boldly building brands, relentlessly innovating, standing for good, and unleashing our scale.”
– She noted that General Mills has nine billion-dollar brands.
– The company used Cloudera for a long time, “but it wasn’t enough to take us where we wanted to go.”
– What is cloud for General Mills? They focus primarily on infrastructure as a service (IaaS).
– Developing a FinOps practice has been a major focus — “to ensure business unit cloud spends don’t blow their budgets.”

Some Remarks from Josh Moe, Senior Manager, Enterprise Architecture

– “Our aspiration is to lead CPG in data and analytics.”
– The company began in 2019 with a big bet in data analytics with Google Cloud.
– They had looked at two major vendors [the other was Microsoft Azure].
– “We moved SAP from on-prem to cloud. There was a lot of complexity in that.”
– “We did a major transformation and data migration in 24 months. Even Google doubted we could do that.”
– Specifically, the data lake migration took 15 months, and the data center migration took 18 months.
– “We did a full rebuild of how we do SAP.”
– The company’s “Analytics Enterprise Data Warehouse” is on BigQuery. “It’s the enabler of the work we’re doing in AI.”
– “We’re very intentional about our data. Do we own it? Or just subscribe to it?”
– The company has “Automated Self-Service Infrastructure Processes” that provide a simple and secure experience for its data scientists, product teams, and developers.

Some Remarks from Hanna Gordon, Director, Digital & Technology Data Science

– She started with General Mills in 2016, and has managed rapid growth of its AI/ML team.
– In 2019, the team began work with Google Cloud and Google AI.
– Forbes has called her AI team one of the fastest-growing in the country.
– “We have 6 million models in production today.” [Are you kidding me!?]
– Their first use case went live in 2020.
– In 2022, the company’s migration was complete and they began building a machine learning engineering team.
– In 2023, her team has been optimizing workflows, building MLops, and working with generative AI, “like everyone else.”
– The team now numbers 75 in the U.S. and India.
– They now have three core roles: data scientist, ML engineer, and MLops analyst (the most recent role).
– She showed a slide (see “Model Growth”) that listed their number of models per year, and the number of predictions per month — now 500 million(!) from the current 6 million models.

Following the above talks, after a break, there was an executive panel moderated by Saher Asad, Director of Engineering for Google Cloud. The participants were:
– Jeff Young, Chief Data Officer, Prime Therapeutics
– Jason Staloch, VP-Digital Core, General Mills
– Mark Langanki, CTO, C1 (ConvergeOne)

A few highlights:
– Staloch: “Gen AI is the third big thing [transformational technology], after the Internet and the iPhone, that really started on the consumer side.”
– Young: “The first thing we look at with gen AI: is it safe and secure?… We have to be able to wall off our data.”
– Staloch: “There’s a closer relationship now between business and IT. We can tell the story better now.”
– Asad: “Gen AI has taken a lot of the complexity out” [of the AI journey].
– Langanki: “One use case we found, when a conversational chat answer is ‘I don’t know’, we feed that chat into gen AI to find out what the real question was.”
– Young: “Building internal literacy is important for us.”
– Staloch: “The focus should not be on finding a use case but, rather, what is the problem?”
– Langanki: “The conversation on a bot must stay private.”
– Asad: “There’s a big rush now in gen AI, but it’s not the answer to every problem.”
– Staloch: “We’re introducing a private LLM for employees.”
– Young: “The biggest challenge now is how to deploy AI at scale.” His advice: “Start slow. Make sure your data is as high quality as possible,”

One final point cited by Asad, the moderator: Gartner has found over time that only 60% of IT pilots make it into production. The firm also reported recently that it predicts 91% of future IT projects will involve AI. You do the math.

Thanks to General Mills and Google Cloud for putting on this event!

By the way, there were several more technical and hands-on sessions in the afternoon, but I wasn’t able to stay for those. I’ll be interested to hear from colleagues about those sessions.

This ‘Office Is Over’ Thing Has Been Coming for a Long Time

Marketwatch article headline

Article headline today (a recurring theme).

The media wants to make a huge deal about how going to work in an office is suddenly becoming passé — the media being mostly centered in New York City, I might add, which also happens to be the largest commercial real estate market in the U.S. But like many things the media gets wrong (or gets late), this trend has been going on for years. Especially for knowledge workers and those who work in the tech industry. They may try to pin it on “upstarts” like Airbnb and its cheeky CEO, Brian Chesky, in articles like this.

photo of Brian CheskyBut we all know this mentality, if you will, has been reality for millions of people for a decade or more.

I’ve been saying for years — ask my friends — that “my office is wherever my MacBook Pro is.” I don’t say it to be funny. It’s simply the truth.

Apple MacBook Pro M1

MacBook Pro M1 by Martin Katler via Unsplash

It’s a prime reason I’ve been an active investor in $AAPL for decades. That was even before it produced its first laptop — which, for you younger types, was called the PowerBook. It was life-altering.

That was my first Apple laptop, and I’ve owned more laptops from my favorite company than I can count since then. (Yes, I keep upgrading to the latest and best.) So, as a self-employed business

Apple Powerbook photo

Apple Powerbook, early 1990s – photo by Everyday Basics via Unsplash

owner, I’ve been doing this “office is anywhere” thing for a long, long time. Which makes me find this latest lament about the demise of the office to be quite amusing.

And who doesn’t get that this mentality/reality is hugely less costly than an office lease?

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p.s. To those of you who were smart enough to invest in $ABNB early on, my hat is off to you. Because it has certainly enabled a large part of the movement away from the traditional office, as it continues to do. And it has created no less than an industry of its own at the same time, enriching legions of property entrepreneurs.

The Startup Surge to End All Surges?

Photo by Chuttersnap via Unsplash

As big trends go, I’d label this one blockbuster. Startup formation is on fire. It jumped 24% year-over-year in 2020 here in the U.S. Consider this from the Economic Innovation Group:

“A new Census Bureau dataset allows us to track early-stage entrepreneurial activity in almost real-time. For the duration of the pandemic, the Bureau’s Business Formation Statistics series has provided a detailed look at the number and character of new business applications on a weekly basis. Its findings suggest that the pandemic delivered a massive shock to American entrepreneurship that has seriously altered established trends in new business formation. Counter to expectations, 2020 shaped up to be the best year for business applications on record.” (Emphasis mine.)

bar chart of business applications

Then there’s this analysis from Oberlo:

“In 2010, the number of new business applications came in at 2.50 million. But as new business statistics show, in 2020, 4.35 million applications were submitted. That’s a whopping 74 percent more. It is also a 24.19 percent increase from 2019 and the biggest increase of the past decade by a mile.”

[Note: This post first appeared as an article on Grit Daily.]

I’ve experienced (and survived!) at least five technology/business cycles since going entrepreneurial and founding my consultancy more than three decades ago. And each of these cycles drove a startup surge that was considerable. (One, the dot-com cycle, saw a reversal for a few years after it peaked in 2000. So, surprisingly, did the startup surge driven by the advent of the smartphone era, but that was due to the financial crash of 2008.) I benefited greatly from every single one of those surges – getting to partner with so many wide-eyed entrepreneurs who were doing some crazy, innovative things and reaped some big rewards.

But this latest explosion of startups – call it the Covid Surge, the #WorkFromAnywhere Surge, the Digital Transformation Surge – whatever name you want to hang on it, this baby stands well above the rest.

line chart of new business applications

It’s More Than Just the ‘Cool Kids’

Today, it seems everybody wants to be a startup. Or at least work for a startup. Or start planning a startup. Or marry someone who has a startup. There’s even a term for those who wish they could do a startup, or who dream about doing it someday: “wannapreneur.”

Quite simply, these people just do not lust after a traditional career anymore. Seriously, when do you remember a time you felt this sorry for big corporations? They’re so unloved. (Wiping a tear.) Who in their right mind wants to work for one company for the rest of their career – or, hell, even five years anymore?

You, Mr. or Ms. Millennial, GenZer, GenXer, or even Boomer, have other ideas about how you want to live your life. In charge of your own destiny – that’s what. With a chance to build wealth well beyond what you could as an employee for the rest of your life.

Do I get an amen?

The Great Resignation: ‘Been Nice Knowing Ya, Boss’

What I say is driving this latest startup-surge-for-the-ages is not Covid, and not #WorkFromAnywhere, per se – rather, a by-product of it. It’s called freedom. People got a taste of freedom of when they want to work, and where. And, for many, how they do that work – without being under the nose of some boss.

Surely you’ve seen multiple stories by now about how so many people are quitting their jobs rather than go back to the office. LinkedIn alone will bury you in them. (Which raises the question, why do they write so much about all this quitting when it obviously affects their model? No question they’re quite dependent on big companies and their recruiting ads, and all the ladder-climbing robots who flog their corporate accomplishments on the platform. Makes you think LinkedIn is really going to need that freelance marketplace platform we keep hearing rumors about if it wants to keep growing anywhere near like it has.)

Granted, not everyone who’s quitting their job is doing a startup. Some are taking different jobs (duh). A slew of others would describe what they’re doing as simply “going freelance.” But many if not most of those are forming a legal entity to do that – the Company of Me – which shows how serious they are. It seems fair to assume the majority of these new entities are “solopreneurs” initially. That may or may not fit your definition of a startup – but, regardless, today we’re looking at huge company formation numbers overall, those that have already happened in 2020 and the similar numbers rolling in for 2021.

If you’re into economics, more great insights come from this article, including the following:

“There is a widespread perception that small businesses create the most jobs in the United States and other advanced economies. Research suggests that it is new businesses (emphasis mine), not small ones, that create these jobs (Haltiwanger et al. 2013). Studying the patterns in startup activity is hence an indicator of future employment growth.”

A Telling Finding

Amazingly, a survey just published by Digital.com found that one-third of workers who quit their jobs within the last six months started a business. That is just an unprecedented number in my experience!

graphic of workers starting businesses

More insights from the survey:

“Sixty-two percent of respondents say they are starting a business to be their own boss, and 60% say they are passionate about pursuing a business idea… Although many respondents say the pandemic influenced their decisions, they also cite several reasons for leaving the workforce. Forty-four percent of workers quit their jobs because they want better wages and benefits, 42% want to focus on their health, and 41% desire a more rewarding career. Sixty percent of new entrepreneurs learned about launching a startup business during the pandemic lockdown.”

Many startups begin life as personal service companies. Some of those actually go on to become product companies, whether hardware, software, even manufacturing businesses. A great many upstarts during the Covid era were founded as retail or ecommerce ventures. Online shopping went ballistic during the pandemic, and so many smart entrepreneurs took advantage of that.

It’s Easier Today

Historically speaking, entrepreneurs in the U.S. today have it pretty nice.

Consider all the factors that make their plight not nearly as difficult as it used to be:
• The low cost of starting a business
• The speed of creating a business entity (at least in most states; looking at you, California)
• Accessibility to capital, with a myriad of funding sources
• The low cost of capital these days
• And so many resources to learn how to do a startup, with organizations (both for-profit and nonprofit) practically tripping over each other to help entrepreneurs. These resources encompass many low-cost and even free services – coaching, classes, mentorship, accelerator programs, competitions with cash awards, and the list goes on.

Speaking of resources for starting a business, the outfit that sponsored the above survey, Digital.com, offers a wealth of links for new entrepreneurs.

So, What Are You Waiting For?

There’s never been a better time. But then, I’m biased.

 

Nice Followup to My Post About Predictions for the New Year…

I wrote a post a couple weeks ago called “Ten Predictions for Optimists in 2021.” Not to get too serious about it, because I wrote the post to bring some, shall we say, lightheartedness, to the current state of affairs. But I couldn’t help but take some pride in my prediction abilities when, early this Saturday morning, I read a very informative Barron’s Roundtable discussion by some really smart people. It was entitled in part, “Welcome to the Roaring ’20s” (subscription required, though I was able to access the whole piece in my Apple News app).

Barron's Roundtable graphic

One of the participants in this roundtable of market watchers and investment gurus was a guy named Henry Ellenbogen, Chief Investment Officer at Durable Capital Partners. He’s in the center, bottom row, above. (One of his firm’s claims to fame is that it was an early investor in DoorDash, which IPOed in late 2020 and is up substantially. And they just invested in another big round for the Brit counterpart, Deliveroo.) Here are some of Henry’s insights from the roundtable:

One of the most fundamental trends that will come out of 2020 is that America will spread out. The first suburbanization trend started in 1810. I would argue that we are now in the fifth phase, and it is going to be as powerful, if not more so, than the first four. Knowledge workers are going to be able to separate economic opportunity from where they live. A lot of tech companies now talk about being time-zone companies as opposed to geographically based. Working from home, even for people who have to go to the office two or three days a week, will allow people to move to the suburbs and more distant places, lowering their cost of living and enhancing their quality of life. The services that accompany these workers are also going to spread out. The productivity gains will be significant. Before Covid, 10% of Americans spent two hours a day commuting to work, and 40% spent an hour. You’re going to return this time to people in the form of enhance productivity.

But what about tech companies lowering compensation levels for people who move from high population centers? Will that cause some people to rethink such moves?

If people can really work remotely, competition in the marketplace will take care of compensation discrepancies. If you want to have the best employees and they can live where they want, you are going to have to pay them based on a national wage.

What do you expect from the economy in 2021? (a question from Lauren Rublin, Barron’s Senior Managing Editor)

There is an underlying assumption that we get decoupled from Covid by the vaccines. If that happens, there is going to be a tremendous pent-up desire for experiences and consumption. Starting this summer, we might have six months of New Year’s Eve parties.

There you go, my optimist friends. Start getting the champagne ready!